371: Which one of the following rights was described by Dr B R Ambedkar as the heart and soul of the Constitution?
(a) Right to freedom of religion
(b) Right to property
(c) Right to equality
(d) Right to Constitutional remedies
Explanation:
According to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Right to Constitutional remedies is the very soul of the Constitution and very heart of it.
372: Consider the following statements:
1. The motion to impeach a Judge of the Supreme Court of India cannot be rejected by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha as per the Judges (Inquiry) Act 1968.
2. The Constitution of India defines and gives details or what constitutes incapacity and proved misbehaviour of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India.
3. The details of the process of impeachment of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India are given in 4 the Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968.
4. If the motion for the impeachment of a Judge is taken up for voting, the law requires the motion to be backed by each House of the Parliament and supported by a majority of total membership of that House and by not less than two-thirds of total members of that House present and voting.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 3 only
(c) 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4
Explanation:
The Judges Enquiry Act (1968) regulates the procedure relating to the removal of a judge of the Supreme Court by the process of impeachment. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
A removal motion signed by 100 members (in the case of Lok Sabha) or 50 members (in the case of Rajya Sabha) is to be given to the Speaker/Chairman.
The Speaker/Chairman may admit the motion or refuse to admit it. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
If it is admitted, then the Speaker/Chairman is to constitute a three-member committee to investigate into the charges.
The committee should consist of (a) the chief justice or a judge of the Supreme Court, (b) a chief justice of a high court, and (c) a distinguished jurist.
If the committee finds the judge to be guilty of misbehaviour or suffering from an incapacity, the House can take up the consideration of the motion.
After the motion is passed by each House of Parliament by special majority, an address is presented to the president for removal of the judge. Hence, Statement 4 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect and 4 is correct by elimination we can see that only option C is correct.
Finally, the president passes an order removing the judge.
Statement 2 is not correct: The constitution nowhere defines the term "incapacity and proved misbehaviour".
Source: https://www.prsindia.org/theprsblog/explainer-removal-judges-office
373: Which one of the following is NOT a principle of Panch-sheel ?
(a) Non-alignment
(b) Peaceful Co-existence
(c) Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty
(d) Mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs
Explanation:
The 5 principles of Peaceful co-existence of Panchsheel are - 1. Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty, 2. Non-aggression, 3. non-inteference in each other's internal affairs, 4. equality and mutual benefit, 5. Peaceful co-existence.
374: The Ninth Schedule was introduced in the Constitution of India during the prime ministership of
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Lal Bahadur Shastri
(c) Indira Gandhi
(d) Morarji Desai
Explanation:
In the aftermath of Kameshwar Singh V State of Bihar judgment, the Government got apprehensive that the whole agrarian reform programmes would be endangered. To ensure that agrarian reform legislation did not run into heavy weather, the legislature amended the Constitution in the year 1951 under the Prime ministership of Jawahar Lal Nehru which inserted Ninth Schedule.
Source: https://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/Judges%20(Inquiry)%20/bill88_2007100588_The_Judges__Inquiry__Act_1968.pdf
375: Who among the following was never the Lok Sabha Speaker?
(a) K. V. K. Sundaram
(b) G. S. Dhillon
(c) Baliram Bhagat
(d) Hukum Singh
Explanation:
G.S. Dhillon served as the Speaker in fourth and fifth Lok Sabhas. Baliram Bhagat in Fifth Lok Sabha, Hukam Singh in Third Lok Sabha.