Financial powers of President: -No money bill can be introduced in Parliament without his or her assent. -The President appoints a finance commission every five years. -Withdrawal from the contingency fund of India is done after the permission of President. - The Contingency Fund of India is at the disposal of the President....

Appointments made by the President are: 1. Governors of States 2. The Chief Justice, other judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts of India 3. The Attorney General of India 4. The Comptroller and Auditor General 5. The Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners 6. The Chairman and other Members of the Union Public Service Commission 7. Ambassadors and Hig...

The Constitution provides for three types of Emergency: National Emergency (Article 352): -President may proclaim a state of emergency under Article 352 if he satisfies that a emergency exists whereby security of India or any part of the territory is in danger. -There are mainly three grounds on which emergency can be imposed: War, External aggression, Armed rebellion. -Union Minister...

Amendment: -Amendment can be initiated in either house of Parliament (Not in State Legislature) -The Amendment bill can be introduced by either the minister or by a private member. -It does not require prior permission of the President -It must then be approved by each House of Parliament. -The bill must be passed in each house by a special majority, that is, a majority of the tota...

Directive Principles of State Policy: ARTICLE 36: Definition. ARTICLE 37: Application of the principles contained in this Part. ARTICLE 38: State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people. ARTICLE 39: Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State. ARTICLE 39A: Equal justice and free legal aid ARTICLE 40: Organisation of village panchayats....