21: LOWER CASTE MOVEMENTS
Reasons :- - Sanskritisation process was the constant factor. - Commercialisation of agriculture benefitted intermediate castes who provided leadership to the movements. - The British introduced for the first time rule of law and equality before the law. Lord Macaulay introduced both the ideas with his Regulation XI. In the new administration, caste based occupation were replaced by me...
22: PARSI REFORM MOVEMENT
Called Rehnumai Mazdayasan. Sabha. started in 1851 in Bombay by the leader of the Parsi Community who included Naoroji Furdomji. S.S. Bengali and Dadabhai Naoroji. The Sabha gave a call for overal development of the Parsi Cummunity and also preached male - female equality. Madan B.R. Cama. called the 'Mother of Indian Revolution' was the product of the movement....
23: SIKH REFORM MOVEMENTS / AKALI MOVEMENTS (1920 - 1925)
Started against the misuse of Sikh gurudwaras by the priestly class called Mahanis. The Akali movement ended with 1925 Sikh Gurudwara Act that provided for Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak committee (SGPC)....
24: ISLAMIC REFORM MOVEMENTS
1. DEOBAND MOVEMENT/DAR - UL - ULM :- Was founded by Moulana Hussain Ahmed at Deoband in 1866. It gave a liberal interpretation of Qorn, accepted English education and also preached Hindu Muslim unity. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was inspired by the movement. 2. AHMEDIYA MOVEMENT / KHIDAYANI MOVEMENT :- Founded at Khidayan in West Punjab by Mizra Ghulam Ahmed. Regarded as Prophet. Ghulam Ahmed,...
25: SOCIAL SERVICE ORGANISATIONS
II. SOCIAL SERVICE ORGANISATIONS 1. Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society in Bombay in 1905. 2. Poona Seva Sadan was founded by Pandita Rambai, G.K. Devadutt, and Maharshi Karve in 1909 at Poona to provide education and shelter for windows. 3. Social Service league, founded in 1911 of N.M. Joshi (founder by AITUC) in Bombay for promoting better living conditions of t...