ISLAMIC REFORM MOVEMENTS

1. DEOBAND MOVEMENT/DAR - UL - ULM :- Was founded by Moulana Hussain Ahmed at Deoband in 1866. It gave a liberal interpretation of Qorn, accepted English education and also preached Hindu Muslim unity.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was inspired by the movement.

2. AHMEDIYA MOVEMENT / KHIDAYANI MOVEMENT :- Founded at Khidayan in West Punjab by Mizra Ghulam Ahmed. Regarded as Prophet. Ghulam Ahmed, encouraged Muslims in trade and commerce. It was the most organised movement against the activities of Arya Samaj and Christain Missionaries in Punjab.

3. ALIGARH MOVEMENT :- Refers to all the activities of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan for the overall development of the Muslims in India. Sir Syed realised the importance of English education and founded Anglo - Mohammedan School at Aligarh in 1875. It became College in 1877. the precursor of AMU. He in the beginning was secular declaring that "Hindus and Muslims were two eyes of Mother India". However under the influence of the 1st Principal of the College. Theodore Beck, Sir Syed became a reactionary and conservative, discouraged "Muslims" to join the Congress Party..

4. AHARAR MOVEMENT - LOCKNOW :- Was founded by Maulana Md. Ali, Zafar Ali and Hakim Azmal Khan, against the loyalist polities of Sir Syed Ahmed. The movement gave a call for Hindu - Muslim unity.

CONSERVATIVE MOVEMENTS IN ISLAM :-

i. Ahal - i - Hadis :- Founded by Maulana Nazir Hussain, opposed liberal interpretation of Qoram.

ii. Ahal - i - Khoran :-Abdullah Charkalavi, opposed English education and modemisation.

iii. Nudwah - ul - Ulema - (Association of Priests) :- Opposed liberal trends in Islam and also English education. The movement was founded by Maulana Shibiti Numani

iv. Barelwi Movement / School :- Was started by Riza Khan: opposing liberal ans progressive trends in Islam.