Society of Rig Vedic Period: -The four fold varna system was absent. -The Aryans initially distinguished themselves from the indigenous groups by giving them the name 'Dasa' ,and later 'Dasyus.' based on their physical appearance. -Three fold social differentiation- Brahmana, Kshatriya & Vish, without a rigid stratification. -No system of 'Sati' or widow burning. -Polygamy was allow...

Political Organizations of Later Vedic Period: -Many Janas or tribes amalgamated to form 'Rashtras' or 'Janapadas' (territorial kingdoms) -For example the Bharatas and Puras came together to become the Kuru tribe, who allied with the Panchalas occupied the whole of Western Uttar Pradesh. -Rituals, Ceremonies & Sacrifices began to be associated with the kingship which also became heredita...

Rig Vedic Period: -There was a tribal Chief with chief being named as 'Rajan' who formed the senior lineage as a military. -Rajan led his tribe during wars. -The tribal was not completely egalitarian. -Important tribal assemblies were Sabha, Samiti, Vidhata and Gana. -The family (Kula) was the basic unit of political organisation headed by a 'Kulapa' or 'Grhapati'. -Next unit was...

Darshanas: They propagate the virtues of life, The six schools of Indian Philosophy are: Darshanas - Written by Nyaya - Gautama Vaishesika - Kanada Rishi Sankhya - Kapila Yoga - Jaimini Purva Mimamsa - Jaimini Uttara Mimamsa - Badarayana...

Upanishads: -They specify philosophical knowledge and spiritual learning. -Also called the 'Vedanta' (End of Vedas). -There are 108 Upanishads & were composed by several saints between 800 to 500 B.C. -Language is classical Sanskrit & not vedic Sanskrit....