461: An important aspect of the Cripps Mission of 1942 was
(a) that all Indian States should join the Indian Union as a condition to consider any degree of autonomy for India
(b) the creation of an Indian Union with Dominion status very soon after the Second World War
(c) the active participation and cooperation of the Indian people, communities and political parties in the British war effort as a
condition for granting independence with full sovereign status to India after war.
(d) the framing of a constitution for the entire Indian Union, with no separate constitution for any province, and a Union Constitution to be accepted by all provinces
Explanation:
The Cripps Mission was sent during World War-II after the August offer was rejected, to get the full support of Indians for the British in their war efforts. The important aspect was the creation of an Indian Union with dominion status very soon after the Second World War.
462: Abinava Bharat a secret society of revolutionaries was organised by
(a) Khudiram Bose
(b) V. D. Savarkar
(c) Prafulla Chaki
(d) Bhagat Singh
Explanation:
"Abhinava Bharat" was a secret society of revolutionaries organised by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar. It was founded by
him in 1904.
463: Which one of the following was used as a chemical weapon in the First World War?
(a) Carbon monoxide
(b) Hydrogen cyanide
(c) Mustard gas
(d) Water gas
Explanation:
Mustard gas was first chemical weapon used in First World War by Germany at the battle of Ypres (Belgium).
464: With reference to the history of ancient India, which of the following was/were common to both Buddhism and Jainism?
1. Avoidance of extremities of penance and enjoyment
2. Indifference to the authority of the Vedas
3. Denial of efficacy of rituals
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Things which are common to both Buddhism and Jainism:
- Both denied the existence of God.
- Both denied the authority of the Vedas.
- Both denied the necessity of performing sacrifices and rituals.
- Both have accepted the theories of Karma rebirth and Moksha.
- Both taught in the language of the common people i.e. Prakrit and not in Sanskrit which was the language of the priests.
- Both of them admitted disciples from all the castes and from both sexes.
- Ahimsa is the prominent principle of both the religions.
- Both, the religions came as a sort of reform of Hindu religion.
- Both the Religions were later on divided into two sects. Buddhism was divided into Mahayana and Hinayana. Jainism was divided into Svetambara and Digambara.
- Both had their own three gems or 'Tri Ratna'. Tri Ratna of Jainism were right philosophy right knowledge and right character. The Tri-Ratna of Buddhism were Budhha, Dhamma and Sangha.
(14) Both had three main religious texts. Vinaypitak, Suttapitaka and Abidhamma pitak were the three religious texts of Buddhism, whereas Anga, Upanga and Mulgrajitha were of the Jainism.
465: When Congress leaders condemned the Montagu-Chelmsford Report, many moderates left party to from the
(a) Swarajya Party
(b) Indian Freedom Party
(c) Independence Federation of India
(d) Indian Liberal Federation
Explanation:
'Indian Liberal Federation' was formed by the moderates who left the Congress Party after Montford report. Among them prominent member was Surendranath Banerjee.