261: With reference to Indian freedom struggle, which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) The Rowlatt Act aroused a wave of popular indignation and led to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre
(b) Subhash Chandra Bose formed the Forward Bloc
(c) Bhagat Singh was one of the founders of Hindustan Republican Socialist Association
(d) In 1931, the Congress Session at Karachi opposed Gandhi-Irwin pact
Explanation:
Gandhi prevailed upon Karachi Session to approve this agreement of 1931.
262: Where was the First Session of the Indian National Congress held in December 1885?
(a) Bombay
(b) Ahmedabad
(c) Calcutta
(d) Delhi
Explanation:
The first Session of INC was held from 28-31 December 1885, and was attended by 72 delegates. The first meeting was scheduled to be held in Pune, but due to a plague outbreak there, the meeting was later shifted to Bombay.
263: Who was the last ruler of the Tughluq dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate?
(a) Firoz Shah Tughluq
(b) Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq Shah II
(c) Nasir-ud-din Mahmud
(d) Nasrat Shah
Explanation:
Nasir-ud-din Mahmud was the last ruler. He was succeeded by Khizr Khan of Saiyyad dynasty.
264: Zero was invented by
(a) Aryabhata
(b) Varahamihira
(c) Bhaskara I
(d) an unknown Indian
Explanation:
Zero was invented by an unknown Indian. The zero can be traced to the Indian Mathematician Aryabhatta who, about 520 A.D., deviced a positional decimal number system that contained word "Kha" for the idea of a placeholder. By 876 A.D., based on an existing tablet inscription with that date, the 'Kha' had become the symbol "0". Later "Brahmagupta" developed the concept of the zero as an actual independent number.
265: Assertion (A)
The Congress Ministries in all the provinces resigned in the year 1939.
Reason (R)
The Congress did not accept the decision of the Viceroy to declare war against Germany in the context of the Second World War.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Explanation:
In 1939, with the outbreak of war between Germany and Britain, India was announced to be a party to the war for being a constituent component of the British Empire.
Following this declaration, the Congress Working Committee at its meeting on 10th October, 1939, passed a resolution condemning the aggressive activities of the Germans. At the same time the resolution also stated that India could not associate herself with war as it was against Fascism. There was hardly any difference between British colonialism and Nazi totalitarianism. Responding to this declaration, the Viceroy 'issued a statement on October 17th wherein he claimed that Britain is waging a war driven by the motif to strengthen peace in the world. He also stated that after the war, the government would initiate modifications in the Act of 1935, in accordance to the desires of the Indians.
Gandhi's reaction to this statement was; "the old policy of divide and rule is to continue. The Congress has asked for bread and it has got stone." According to the instructions issued by High Command, the Congress ministers were directed to resign immediately. Congress ministers from eight provinces resigned "following the instructions.