551: With reference to Mughal India, what is/are the difference/differences between Jagirdar and Zamindar?
1. Jagirdars were holders of land assignments in lieu of judicial and police duties, whereas Zamindars were holders of revenue rights without obligation to perform any duty other than revenue collection.
2. Land assignments to Jagirdars were hereditary and revenue rights of Zamindars were not hereditary.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation:
In Mughal India, Jagirdars under Mansabdari system were assigned land in lieu of assigned duties towards the empire such as police,judicial,military; Zamindars too apart from revenue collecting duties had to render military duties and perform Khidmat such as rendering soldiers to fill the ranks of royal army at times of need and offer gifts at the royal court.
Jagirdars were frequently transferred as promotion and demotion was a regular part of empire as loyalties towards Emperor were largely dependent on the rank of jagir/mansab held by a Noble; on the other hand, Zamindars had hereditary rights over revenue as their sway over rural society was overarching in all aspects which rested on paternal and patronage application of rituals.
Source: refer to Class 7 ncert (CH-4) FOR MANSABDAR/JAGIRDAR (pg 51-52) & Class 12 NCERT-P-2 (pg 211-213)
552: What is common among Madam Bhikaji Cama, M. Barkatulla, V.V.S. Iyer and M.N. Roy ?
(a) All of them were leading members of the International Communist Movement
(b) M. Barkatulla was the Prime Minister and the rest were Ministers in the Provisional Government of Free India established by a group of revolutionaries at Kabul
(c) All of them were among the prominent revolutionaries outside India operating in different countries during the Freedom Movement
(d) All of them were accused in the case relating to the throwing of a bomb on Lord Hardinge
553: The intensity of famine increased in India, under the British rule because
(a) The failure of monsoons became frequent
(b) The drain of wealth from India was uncontrolled
(c) Of the poor distribution of foodgrains
(d) Discriminatory protection was extended, to food processing industries
554: 'India Wins Freedom' was written by:
(a) Rajendra Prasad
(b) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
(c) R.N. Tagore
(d) J.L. Nehru
555: Among the following, who was not a proponent of bhakti cult ?
(a) Tukaram
(b) Tyagaraja
(c) Vallabhacharya
(d) Nagarjuna