51: Assertion (A) :
The basic weakness of the early nationalist movement lay in its narrow social base.
Reason (R) :
It fought for the narrow interests of the social groups which joined it.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Explanation:
Early nationalists fought for the rights of the common man also. The reason for narrow social base of the early Nationalist
movement was, the organization in those starting days was weak and at any point the British could crush it. So, leaders
confined to mere prayers and petitions.
52: The member of Shivaji's Astha Pradhana who looked after foreign affairs was
(a) Peshwa
(b) Sachiv
(c) Pandit Rao
(d) Sumant
Explanation:
'Sumant' looks after foreign affairs. Shivaji's 'Ashtapradhan' consisted of a council of eight ministers to advise him.They
are : 1. Peshwa, 2. Pandit Rao, 3. Sumant, 4. Amatya 5. Mantri, 6. Sachiv, 7. Senapati, 8. Nyayadish.
53: Write the correct chronological order of the following annexations by the Britishers
I. Oudh
II. Punjab
III. Upper Burma
(a) III, II, I
(b) I, II, III
(c) I, III, II
(d) II, I, III
54: Which one of the following observations is not true about the Quit India Movement of 1942 ?
(a) It was a spontaneous movement
(b) It was led by Mahatma Gandhi
(c) It was a non-violent movement
(d) It did not attract the labour class in general
Explanation:
The Quit India Movement was a civil disobedience movement launched in India in August 1942 in response to Mohandas Gandhi's call for immediate independence.
What makes the Quit India movement different from the Non-Co-Operation and Civil Disobedience movements is the spontaneous rising of the people with no leaders to quide them. It, of course, resulted in violence, though Gandhiji had urged the public to follow his principles of non-violence throughout the movement. Widespread violence was a common feature of the Quit India movement.
55: Which one of the following movements has contributed to a split in the Indian National Congress resulting in the emergence of 'moderates' and 'extremists'?
(a) Swadeshi Movement
(b) Quit India Movement
(c) Non-Cooperation Movement
(d) Civil Disobedience Movement
Explanation:
Swadeshi Movement has contributed to a split in the Indian National Congress over the disagreement regarding the methods of protest against the partition of Bengal resulting in the emergence of moderates and extremists.