ACIDS AND BASES Scientists use something called the pH scale to measure how acidic or basic a liquid is. Although there may be many types of ions in a solution, pH focuses on concentrations of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). The scale goes from values very close to 0 through 14. Distilled water is 7 (right in the middle). Acids are found between a number very close to 0 and 7. Bases...

HYDROGEN Hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table and the most basic and common of all elements in the universe. Over ninety percent of all the atoms in the universe are hydrogen atoms and they are the lightest of all elements. where we find hydrogen: I. THE SUN II. WELDING AND BLOWTORCHES III. PLANTS AND SUGARS Hydrogen is in all plants. There are sugars all throughout plants and...

Up to this point in time we have discovered/created over 100. While there may be more out there to discover, the basic elements remain the same. Iron (Fe) atoms found on Earth are identical to iron atoms found on meteorites. The iron atoms on Mars that make the soil red are the same too. Elements as Building Blocks The periodic table is organized like a big grid. The elements are placed in speci...

Matter is anything made of atoms and molecules. Matter is anything that has a mass. Matter is also related to light and electromagnetic radiation. Even though matter can be found all over the universe, you usually find it in just a few forms. As of 1995, scientists have identified five states of matter. They are solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, and a new one called Bose-Einstein condensates. The f...

Azolla Azolla is a fast growing aquatic plant often observed in many water bodies. It itself is not much useful, except that it can add organic matter on decomposition. But an algae called Anabaena AzolIae inhabits in the cavities of Azolla leaves and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Thus, AzolIa leaves acts as excellent source of nitrogen, besides their capacity to act as source of organic matter. Use...