Important Amendments
Important Amendments:
The Constitution (24th Amendment) Act, 1971:
It affirms the power of the Parliament to amend any part of the Constitution under article 368.
The Constitution (31st Amendment) Act, 1973:
Increases the elective strength of the Lok Sabha from 525 to 545. Under the Act, the upper limit of representatives of the States goes up from 500 to 525 and that of the Union Territories decreases from 25 to 20.
The Constitution (36th Amendment) Act, 1975:
By this Act, Sikkim became the 22nd State of the Indian Union.
The Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976:
By this amendment- the words " SOCIALIST, SECULAR and integrity" inserted to the Preamble; There shall be no limitation on the power of Parliament to amend the constitution; Insertion of new part IV A (Fundamental Duties-51A); DPSP are given precedence over all FRs.
The Constitution (52nd Amendment) Act, 1985:
Anti defection Law and Tenth Schedule were added by this amendment.
The Constitution (61st Amendment) Act, 1989:
It lowered the voting age from 21 to 18.
The Constitution (66th Amendment) Act, 1990:
To bring land reforms within the purview of 9th Schedule of the Constitution.
The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991:
Delhi made National Capital Region. The Act also made provision for Legislative assembly and a council of ministers for Delhi.
The Constitution (70th Amendment) Act, 1992:
The amendment provide for inclusion of members of legislature of Pondicherry and Delhi in the electoral college for the election of President under article 54.
The Constitution (71st Amendment) Act, 1992:
The act amends the 8th Schedule to the Constitution to include Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali Languages in the 8th Schedule of the Constitution.
The Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1993:
Part IX relating to Panchayats inserted in the constitution
The Constitution (74th Amendment) Act, 1993:
A new Part IX- A relating to Municipalities, i.e., Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils and Municipal Corporations inserted in the constitution .
The Constitution (76th Amendment) Act, 1994:
This Act aims at the reservation of seats in educational institutions and reservation of appointments or posts in public services for Backward Classes, SCs and STs. The Supreme Court, on 16th Nov., 1992 ruled that the total reservation under Article 16(4) should not exceed 50%.
The Constitution (77th Amendment) Act, 1995:
Article 16(4) provides reservation in promotion for the SC and the ST.
The Constitution (91st Amendment) Act, 2003:
This Article provides that the total number of Ministers, including the Prime Minister, in the Council of Ministers shall not exceed fifteen per cent of the total number members of the House of the people.
The Constitution (92nd Amendment) Act, 2003:
This Article provides for the inclusion of four new language, viz. Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.
The Constitution (93rd Amendment) Act, 2005:
It provides reservation in educational institutions including private unaided institutions for the advancement of the SC, ST or the OBCs