136: Rig Veda
Rig Veda: -The Veda of Praise. -Consists of 1017 Suktas (hymns) & 'Vala Khilyas' -Oldest religious text in the world & is therefore also called the first testament of mankind. -It is divided into 10 mandalas out of which the 1st & 10th Mandala were later additions. -Is purely a religious work....
137: Vedic Literature
Vedic Literature: -The term Veda is derived from the Sanskrit root word 'Vid', which means to know and this knowledge was passed on from one generation to the other through oral transmission and hence is termed as 'Shruti as Divine revelation and Apaurusheya (not made by man). Vedic literature refers to the following : -Four Vedas - Rig, Sama, Yajur, Atharva & their Samhitas. -Brahmanas...
138: Economic Conditions of Indus Valley Civilization
Economic Conditions of Indus Valley Civilization: -Largely Agrarian economy. -Trade & Commerce were also major Source of income. -Foreign trade contacts with Afghanistan, Persia, Arabia, Baluchistan, mostly with Mesopotamia & Sumeria (Iraq) and Bahrain....
139: Script and Languages of Indus valley Civilization
Script and Languages of Indus valley Civilization: -Still undeciphered -Pictographic in script -Harappan Script has 400 to 600 signs of which about 40 to 60 are basic ones....
140: Religion followed by Indus Valley Civilization
-Chief Male deity was Pashupati Mahadeva, who is represented by seals surrounded by four animals - Elephant, Tiger, Rhino & buffalo, each facing a different direction. -Chief Female deity was Mother Goddess represented in terracotta figurines. -Lingam & Yoni worship was prevalent. -They used to worship Peepal Tree, Snakes, humped and humpless Bull, Unicorn etc....