Rulers of Mughal Empire

Rulers of Mughal Empire:

-Babur (1526-1530): He was a descendant of Genghis Khan through Timur and was the founder of the Mughal Empire. He fought and win the Battle of Panipat (1526) ad the Battle of Khanwa (1527).

-Humayun (1530-1540): Son of Babur, Humayun lost Mughal territories to the Sher Shah Suri, And with Persian aid, he regained it 15 years later.

-Sher Shah Suri (1540-1545): Sher Shah Suri was the founder of the Sur Empire in North India, with its capital at Delhi. An ethnic Pashtun (Pathan), Sher Shah took control of the Mughal Empire in 1540. After his accidental death in 1545, his son Islam Shah became his successor.

-Islam Shah Suri (1545-1554): Second and last ruler of the Suri Dynasty, His original name was Jalal Khan and he was the second son of Sher Shah Suri.

-Humayun (1555-1556): Restored rule was more unified and effective than initial reign of 1530-1540; left unified empire for his son, Akbar.

-Akbar (1556-1605): He and Bairam Khan defeated Hemu during the Second Battle of Panipat and later won famous victories during the Siege of Chittorgarh and the Siege of Ranthambore; He greatly expanded the Empire and is regarded as the most illustrious ruler of the Mughal Empire.

-Jahangir (1605-1627): He was the first to start relations with the British East India Company. He was an alcoholic, and his wife Empress Noor Jahan became the real power behind the throne and competently ruled in his place.

-Shah Jahan (1627-1658): Mughal art and architecture reached at its peak during his period; He constructed the Taj Mahal, Jama Masjid, Red Fort, Jahangir mausoleum, and Shalimar Gardens. His son Aurangzeb deposed him.

-Aurangzeb (1658-1707): He expanded the empire to its greatest extent; He is known to have transcribed copies of the Quran using his own styles of calligraphy.

-Bahadur Shah I (1707-1712): First of the Mughal emperors to preside over an empire ravaged by uncontrollable revolts. After his reign, the empire went into steady decline due to the lack of leadership qualities among his immediate successors.

-Jahandar Shah (1712-1713)

-Farrukhsiyar (1713-1719)

-Muhammad Shah (1719-1748)

-Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748-1954)
-Alamgir II (1754-1759)

-Shah Alam II (1759-1806)

-Akbar Shah II (1806-1837)

-Bahadur Shah II (1837-1857): The last Mughal emperor, who was deposed by the British and exiled to Burma following the Indian Rebellion of 1857.