FREEDOM STRUGGLE

FACTORS IN GROWTH OF MODERN NATIONALISM:

Understanding of contradiction in Indian and colonial interests political, administrative and economic unification of the country Western thought and education

Role of press and literature

Rediscovery of India's past-historical researches

Rise of middle class intelligentsia

Impact of contemporary movements worldwide

Reactionary policies and racial arrogance of rulers

POLITICAL ASSOCIATIONS BEFORE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS:

1839 -Bangabhasha Prakasika Sabha

1838 -Zamindari Association of Landholders Society

1843 -Bengal British India Society

1851 -British Indian Association

1866 -East India Association

1875 -Indian League

1876 -Indian Association of Calcutta

1867 -Poona Sarvajanik Sabha

1885 -Bombay Presidency Association

1884 -Madras Mahajan Sabha

EARLY NATIONALIST METHODOLOGY:

i. Constitutional agitation within four walls of law

ii. Create public opinion in India and campaign for support to Indian demands in England

iii. Political education of people

iv. Political connections with Britain in India's interests at that stage time not ripe for direct challenge to colonial rule

CONTRIBUTIONS OF MODERATE NATIONALISTS:

Economic critique of British imperialism

Constitutional reforms and propaganda in legislature

Campaign for general administrative reforms

Defence of civil rights