BHAKTI MOVEMENTS - Guru Nanak (1469 - 1538)

Guru Nanak (1469 - 1538) :

- Born near Talwandi (now Nanabana in Pakistan).

- Preached Casteless, universal, eithical, anti- ritualistic manotheistic & highly spiritual religion.

- Started free community Kitchens called 'Guru ka langar' to inculcate the feeling of equality & brotherhood among his followers.

- Laid stress on the purity of character conduct & also the need of a 'guru' to reach the god, who was 'Nirakara' (formless).

- his mission was to reform Hindu religion on the basis of monotheism.

- His inspiring poems were later collected in the 'Adigrantha'.

- 1538 - he died at Kirtarpur.

- His followeres founded a new religious sects, Sikhism & it had ten Gurus.

i. Guru nanak
ii. Guru Angad
iii. Guru Amardas
iv. Ramdas - Akbar granted him the land at Amritsar, where the Golden Temple now exists.
v. Arjanmal (1581 - 1606) - Compiled Adi Granth - killed by Jahangir.
vi. Hargobind (1606 - 1645) - Militarised the Sikh sect & defeated the mughat army at Sangama near Amritsar.
vii. har Rai
Viii. Har Kishan
ix. Tegh Bahadur - executed by Aurangzeb
x. Govind Singh - instituted the custom of Baptism thus formed the 'Khalsa'.

> compiled 'Daswen Padshah ka Granth'
>stabbed to death by an Afghan fanatic.