BHAKTI MOVEMENTS

Bhakti Movements

- The concept of 'Bhakti' was put forth right in the 6th C A.D. but became most popular during the medieval times all over India.

- the 'Alvars' (Vaishnavaites) & Nayanars (Shaivites) popularized the cult in South India.

Adhi Shankara Charya :

- Born in Kaladi, Kerals in 788 A.D.

- Propounded Advaita philosophy.

- Wrote commentaries on 'Brahmasutra's 'Upanishands' Gita.

- Believed in 'Maya' as the world of appearance is illusory.

- The individual soul is absolute in itself & no other.

- 'Gyana' alone can lead to salvation.

- His books - 'Upadesh Shastri' - 'Viveka Chudamani' 'Bhaja Govindam' Stotra, Stotra, etc.

- Established Mathas at Sringeri, Dwaraka, Puri & Badrinath.

Ramanuja (12th C)

- Born is Sripenumbur.

- Opposed Mayavada of Shankara & advocated the philosophy of 'Vishishtadvaitavada'

- Founded the Shrivaishnava sect.

- Wrote 'Sribhashya', Vendanta dipa & 'Gita Bhashys' etc.